Ultra-processed foods may harm male fertility and health

Ultra-processed foods linked to poor male reproductive and metabolic health

A growing body of research warns that ultra-processed foods may harm male reproductive health and raise the risk of chronic diseases. A new study published in Cell Metabolism on August 28 found that men who consumed a diet heavy in ultra-processed foods experienced weight gain, hormonal changes, and a decline in sperm quality.

Researchers observed that participants gained more than one kilogram and increased fat mass during just three weeks on an ultra-processed diet — even when calorie intake was matched with an unprocessed diet.

“This study provides evidence that consumption of ultra-processed food is detrimental for cardiometabolic and reproductive outcomes, regardless of excessive caloric intake,” the authors wrote.

Hormonal disruption and sperm quality decline

The study found that men on an ultra-processed diet experienced an increase in phthalate cxMINP, a chemical commonly found in plastics that can disrupt hormones. Testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels — both essential for sperm production — decreased significantly.

Experts warn that such hormonal disruptions may partly explain the global 60% decline in sperm count since the 1970s, coinciding with the rise of packaged, ultra-processed foods.

Health risks go beyond calories

Dr. Philip Werthman, urologist and director of the Center for Male Reproductive Medicine, said the findings prove that food quality is as important as calorie count.

“It’s not the calories you’re getting. It’s the type of calories you’re getting,” Werthman said.

Other health impacts included higher cholesterol, increased body weight, and signs of impaired sperm quality — potentially affecting fertility.

Wider public health implications

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that ultra-processed foods account for 55% of total calories consumed in the US, with younger individuals consuming slightly more than adults. These foods are typically high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats while being low in dietary fiber and whole food content.

Studies in recent years have linked ultra-processed foods to obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, stroke, and cognitive decline.

Tips to protect male reproductive health

Experts recommend the following steps to improve reproductive and overall health:

• Eat a nutrient-dense diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats
• Avoid excessive consumption of processed and packaged foods
• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight
• Get adequate sleep and manage stress
• Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and prolonged heat exposure (e.g., saunas, hot tubs)

“The reproductive system is a function of your overall health,” Werthman noted. “All these things affect the reproductive system. The body is an integrated system.”

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