Karachi faces surge in pigeon-linked lung disease: Bird fancier’s lung cases rise in 2025

Karachi sees alarming rise in bird fancier’s lung cases linked to pigeon exposure

KARACHI: The city of Karachi is witnessing a significant increase in cases of bird fancier’s lung (BFL), a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhaling airborne particles from pigeon feathers and droppings. Health professionals report that private hospitals are diagnosing 15 to 20 new cases weekly, a notable rise from previous years. Women and the elderly are among the most affected groups.

Understanding bird fancier’s lung and its causes

Bird fancier’s lung is an immune-mediated lung disease resulting from repeated exposure to avian proteins found in pigeon feathers and droppings. These particles can become airborne and enter homes through open windows and air conditioning systems, leading to respiratory issues. Symptoms include shortness of breath, dry cough, fatigue, and in severe cases, lung inflammation and scarring.

Health experts emphasize early detection and prevention

Pulmonologist Dr. Muhammad Irfan highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. He notes that patients may require corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, or even lung transplantation in advanced cases. Dr. Irfan advises individuals to minimize exposure to pigeons and maintain cleanliness in living spaces to prevent the disease.

Public health implications and recommendations

The rise in BFL cases poses a public health concern in Karachi. Residents are encouraged to take preventive measures, such as:

1. Avoiding direct contact with pigeons
2. Keeping windows closed, especially in areas with high pigeon populations
3. Regularly cleaning air conditioning units and ventilation systems
4. Seeking medical attention if experiencing persistent respiratory symptoms

Healthcare providers stress the need for public awareness campaigns to educate citizens about the risks associated with pigeon exposure and the importance of early medical intervention.

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