Extreme heat causes surge in heart, lung and pregnancy complications, says WHO
Extreme heat is triggering a dangerous rise in heart attacks, respiratory distress, and pregnancy complications across the northern hemisphere, warns the World Health Organization (WHO).
As climate change intensifies heatwaves, the health toll is becoming increasingly visible—not just through heatstroke, but also through cardiovascular strain, lung flare-ups, diabetic crises, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The WHO says most of these impacts are preventable, but only if urgent public awareness and response measures are taken.
“When temperatures soar, our bodies work overtime to stay cool—but that effort can come at a high cost,” WHO/Europe warns in its #KeepCool campaign, urging governments and communities to treat extreme heat as a public health emergency, not just a weather event.
What’s happening inside the body?
Normally, the human body maintains a core temperature of around 37 °C through sweating and blood circulation. But with prolonged heat:
- The heart must pump harder, thickened blood increases clot risk, raising chances of heart attacks
- The lungs are irritated, worsening conditions like asthma and COPD
- Diabetics face glucose imbalances and kidney stress from dehydration
- Pregnant women risk preterm birth and low birth weight
- Heat can also worsen mental health issues, especially in the elderly
Who is at greatest risk?
- Older adults with weaker cooling mechanisms and underlying diseases
- Infants and children whose thermoregulation is underdeveloped
- Outdoor workers, exposed for long hours without shade
- Pregnant women and their unborn babies
- People with chronic diseases such as hypertension, asthma, and diabetes
Stay safe with WHO’s #KeepCool guidance
WHO recommends practical steps that save lives during high temperatures:
- Avoid peak heat: Stay indoors or in shade between 11 AM and 4 PM
- Cool your home: Use fans, shutters, and turn off heat-generating appliances
- Stay hydrated: Drink water regularly; avoid alcohol and sugary drinks
- Cool your body: Take cold showers and wear loose clothing
- Check on others: Especially older people and pregnant women living alone
Systemic action needed
The WHO is calling on governments, cities, and health systems to implement national heat-health action plans. These should include:
- Early warning systems
- Mapping of vulnerable populations
- Coordinated hospital readiness
- Community outreach mechanisms
The WHO is currently updating its guidance for countries to respond more effectively to heat-related health emergencies.
“Heat is now a silent killer,” a WHO spokesperson said. “Without serious preventive action, more people will suffer—especially the most vulnerable. But with awareness and simple steps, many of these tragedies can be avoided.”
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